First of all, I would ask you to consider a typical 55-gallon drum of a standard liquid cooling water treatment. Think about how much active ingredient (i.e. PBTC, HEDP, Polymer, Azole, PMA, etc) is actually in your drum of treatment…forget about the caustic or acid you are adding, since these are simply there to keep certain constituents in solution…how much active, then? …I would guess around 10%….10% of 500 lbs is 50 lbs.. About what a case of Solid-Concentrate weighs. But let’s go further. Let’s consider cooling water that contains 600 ppm calcium hardness and 400 ppm total alkalinity. Dosage rate for a Solid-Concentrate would be around 25 ppm for this application. Dosage rate for a typical liquid product would be about 175 ppm. Let’s compare costs:

A. Generally, yes. For instance, our all-in-one treatments are definitely competitive on a cost use basis. BA1-C is dosed at 80 ppm vs. a typical liquid all-in-one liquid dosed at 480 ppm. Let’s look at the numbers:

Yes, in applications such as RO make-up into a boiler…due to the nature of the low alkalinity, it may be necessary to supplement the feed with liquid caustic. Another situation would be where there is an excessive amount of alkalinity in the make-up water in a boiler operation…adding enough neutralizing amine might be difficult. In general though, these problems are easily overcome by good, common sense analyses of the situation and the point is, if the end result is you eliminated all the liquids but one, the customer is much better off than they were before.